The Laws of Purim vol.4, no.9
Fast of Esther: When Purim falls out on Motzoei Shabbos the Fast of Esther is pushed forward to the preceding Thursday. The fast begins at daybreak and ends at nightfall. Pregnant or nursing women or those who feel ill are not required to fast if it is too difficult. One who feels he will have difficulty fasting should consult a competent halachic authority.
Shekalim: Before or on Purim every adult male should give three half-dollar coins or their equivalent to charity. It is customary to give on behalf of all family members, as well. The custom is to give the shekalim on the Fast of Esther, even when the fast is pushed forward.
Parshas Zachor: On the Shabbos before Purim we read the portion of the Torah which entreats us to remember the actions of the nation of Amalek (Deuteronomy 25:17). One can fulfill a Torah mitzvah with this reading. If necessary one can fulfill this mitzvah during the Torah reading on Purim day itself. According to many Halachic opinions women are also obligated.
Gifts to the poor: All adults must also give gifts to two poor people, known as Matanos Laevyonim, during Purim day. A woman may fulfill her obligation through her husband’s gifts. Although one fulfills this obligation with any amount of money, it is preferable to give the amount equivalent to a meal.
Although these gifts must be given on Purim, one may appoint a messenger before Purim to secure their distribution on Purim.
Megillah Reading: All adults are obligated by our Sages to listen to every word of the Megilah in its proper sequence during the night and the following day of Purim. It is preferable for one to follow the reading inside a text in order that he can immediately fill in any words that he may not hear from the Reader. Parents are obligated to ensure that their children ages eight or nine and older hear every word of the Megillah reading, preferably in the synagogue. Small children who may disturb the reading should not be brought to the synagogue.
